Current Waterproofing Techniques & Their demerits

1. Membranes
   - UV- deterioration
   - workmanship
   - non environmental friendly
   - high labour cost & time consuming
2. Coatings
   - similar to“membranes”
3. Asphalt
   - proven to be non effective under elevated temperature
   - will be obsoleted because of non environmental friendly

Reasons of Failure

* vapour expands in voids, when 20°C to 50 °C (30 °C temp rise)
* therefore “peeling” occurs